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https://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/handle/123456789/40257| Title: | Utilization of rice crop residuals for biogas production through anaerobic digestion and the use of digestate as fertilizer for added-value crops Αξιοποίηση των υπολειμμάτων των ορυζώνων για την παραγωγή βιοαέριου με αναερόβια χώνευση και χρήση του χωνεμένου λύματος στην καλλιέργεια φυτών προστιθέμενης αξίας |
| Institution and School/Department of submitter: | Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων. Σχολή Γεωπονίας |
| Subject classification: | Αειφορική γεωργία |
| Keywords: | biogas,digestate,medicinal and aromatic plants,βιοαέριο,χωνεμένο λύμα,αρωματικά φυτά |
| URI: | https://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/handle/123456789/40257 |
| Table of contents: | Table of Contents Table of Contents 5 List of Tables 10 List of Figures 11 Acknowledgements 17 Abstract 18 Περίληψη 20 Chapter 1: Introduction 23 1.1 Anaerobic digestion process, systems, and reactor types 24 1.1.1 Anaerobic digestion process 24 1.1.2 Digestion systems 25 1.1.3 Digestor types 26 2.1 Pretreatment for lignocellulosic substrates 26 2.1.1 Physical pretreatment 26 2.1.2 Chemical pretreatment 27 2.1.3 Biological pretreatment 27 2.1.4 Thermal pretreatment 28 2.1.5 Additives 28 2.1.6 Recirculation 29 2.1.7 Microaeration 30 3.1 Feedstock for biogas production 30 3.1.1 Agricultural wastes and crop residues 30 3.1.2 Municipal and food wastes 31 3.1.3 Industrial wastes 32 3.1.4 Aquatic biomass 32 3.1.5 Specialized feedstocks 33 3.2 Feedstock characteristics 33 3.2.1 Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates 33 3.2.2 Role of carbon and nitrogen 34 4.1 Pretreatment methods for rice straw 34 4.1.1 Biological pretreatment methods 34 4.2 Physical pretreatment methods 35 4.3 Chemical pretreatment methods 36 4.3.1 Acid pretreatment 36 4.3.2 Alkaline pretreatment 37 5.1 Rice straw co-digestion with livestock waste 38 5.1.1 Co-digestion with swine waste 38 5.2 Co-digestion with cattle waste 39 5.3 Co-digestion with poultry waste 40 6.1 Digestate as an organic fertilizer 41 6.1.1 Essential plant nutrients in digestate 41 6.2 Nutrient distribution between fractions 42 6.3 Nutrient release characteristics 43 6.4 Digestate treatment 43 6.5 Use of digestate in hydroponic systems 44 6.6 Feedstock sources and compositional variation 44 6.7 Economic aspects and market development 45 7.1 Effects of digestate on soil and plant growth 46 7.1.1 Soil chemical properties 46 7.2 Soil physical properties 46 7.3 Microbial effects 46 7.3.1 Soil microbial biomass and activity 46 7.3.2 Beneficial microorganisms and plant growth promotion 47 7.3.3 Prebiotic effects 47 7.4 Germination and early growth 48 7.5 Vegetative growth and biomass production 48 7.6 Stress tolerance and disease resistance 49 7.7 Bioactive compounds and growth promotion 50 8.1 Use of digestate as fertilizer for aromatic and medicinal plants 50 8.1.1 Biomass yield and growth parameters 50 8.1.2 Physiological mechanisms of digestate action 51 8.2 Impact on essential oil production and composition 51 8.2.1 Essential oil (EO) yield concentration 51 8.2.2 Essential oil chemical profile 51 8.3 Digestate effects on substrate and soil properties 52 8.3.1 Nutrient enhancement and organic matter 52 8.3.2 Physical properties and management constraints 52 9.1 Heavy metal accumulation in soil from digestate application 53 9.1.1 Heavy metals in digestate: sources and regulatory framework 53 9.1.2 Heavy metal concentrations in various digestates 53 9.1.3 Regulatory framework 54 9.2 Mobility of heavy metals in digestate-amended soils 54 9.2.1 Heavy metals mobility 54 9.2.2 Metal fractionation and chemical speciation 54 9.2.3 Comparison of fresh and granulated digestate 55 9.3 Influence of soil management on heavy metal dynamics 55 9.3.1 pH effects 55 9.3.2 Mineral fertilization versus digestate 55 9.4 Environmental implications and risk assessment 56 9.4.1 Accumulation potential and ecological risk 56 9.4.2 Comparison with alternative amendments 56 9.4.3 Heavy metal risk assessment 56 10.1 Pathogen translocation to soil and plant tissue from digestate use 57 10.1.1 Gram-negative bacteria 57 10.1.2 Gram-positive bacteria 58 10.3 Regulatory standards for pathogens in digestate 58 10.4 Pathogen survival in soil following digestate application 59 10.4.1 Environmental factors affecting pathogen survival 59 10.4.2 Pathogen survival characteristics 59 10.4.3 Role of indigenous soil microbiota in pathogen suppression 60 10.5 Mechanisms of pathogen translocation to plant tissue 60 10.5.1 Pathways of pathogen transfer 61 10.5.2 Crop contamination risks 61 10.6 Risk mitigation strategies 62 10.6.1 Optimisation of anaerobic digestion process parameters 62 10.6.2 Digestate application management practices 62 Chapter 2: Reports on biogas units and questionnaires 103 2.1 Report on the substrates used by the biogas production plants 104 2.2 Report on the results from the scientific community and local government 105 Chapter 3: Enhancing methane production from rice crop residues 107 via pretreatments and co-digestion with cattle or swine slurry Abstract 108 1. Introduction 108 2. Materials and methods 110 2.1 Feedstock 110 2.2 Pretreatment experiments 112 2.3 Co-digestion experiments 115 2.4 Theoretical methane yield 117 2.5 Analytical methods 117 2.6 Techno-economic analysis 118 2.7 Statistical analysis 118 3. Results 118 3.1 Pretreatment experiments 118 3.2 Pretreated rice straw and cattle slurry co-digestion batch experiments 120 3.3 Pretreated rice straw and swine slurry co-digestion batch experiments 121 3.4 Techno-economic analysis 122 4. Discussion 125 4.1 Rice straw pretreatment 125 4.2 Co-digestion of pretreated rice straw with livestock slurries 126 4.3 Techno-economic analysis 126 4.4 Scale-up considerations and environmental trade-offs 128 Conclusions 128 References 129 Chapter 4: Response of methane production to gradual vs instantaneous 137 organic loading rate increases during co-digestion Abstract 138 1. Introduction 138 2. Materials and methods 140 2.1 Substrates and inoculum 140 2.2 Experimental design 141 2.3 Reactor operation 142 2.4 Analytical methods 143 2.5 Statistical analysis 143 3. Results and discussion 143 3.1 Effect of OLR on the production of intermediate metabolites 143 3.2 Effect of OLR on methane yield and biogas composition 145 3.3 Analysis of the stability of the AD process 146 3.3.1 Effect of OLR on pH, VFA, and system buffer capacity 146 3.3.2 Ammonia inhibition and microbial adaptation 147 3.3.3 COD removal efficiency and substrate utilization 149 4. Conclusions 149 References 151 Chapter 5: Investigating the effect of digestate on basil growth, 156 soil properties, and secondary metabolite synthesis Abstract 157 1. Introduction 157 2. Materials and methods 159 2.1 Plant materials and experimental design 159 2.2 Environmental conditions 163 2.3 Growth and physiological parameters 163 2.3.1 Growth parameters 163 2.3.2 Physiological parameters 163 2.4 Analytical methods 163 2.4.1 Analytical methods for physicochemical and microbiological 163 characteristics 2.4.2 GC-MS/FID analysis 164 2.5 Statistical analysis 165 3. Results and discussion 165 3.1 Physiological parameters 165 3.2 Essential oil production and composition 169 3.3 Soil properties 172 4. Conclusions 176 References 177 Chapter 6: General Discussion 184 Chapter 7: General Conclusions 1191 Appendices 194 Chapter 8: Scientific Outputs 203 8.1 Published and “in press” manuscripts 204 8.2 Poster Presentation 204 |
| Appears in Collections: | Διδακτορικές Διατριβές - ΓΕΩ |
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| PhD_Αργύριος Καλαϊτζίδης.pdf | Διδακτορική διατριβή του Καλαϊτζίδη Αργύρη | 7.05 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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